HTML Uniform Resource Locators
A URL is another word for a web address.
A URL can be composed of words (e.g. w3schools.com), or an Internet Protocol (IP) address (e.g. 192.68.20.50).
Most people enter the name when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.
URL – Uniform Resource Locator
Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the web.
A web address like https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp follows these syntax rules:
scheme://prefix.domain:port/path/filename
Explanation:
- scheme – defines the type of Internet service (most common is http or https)
- prefix – defines a domain prefix (default for http is www)
- domain – defines the Internet domain name (like w3schools.com)
- port – defines the port number at the host (default for http is 80)
- path – defines a path at the server (If omitted: the root directory of the site)
- filename – defines the name of a document or resource
Common URL Schemes
The table below lists some common schemes:
| Scheme | Short for | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| http | HyperText Transfer Protocol | Common web pages. Not encrypted |
| https | Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol | Secure web pages. Encrypted |
| ftp | File Transfer Protocol | Downloading or uploading files |
| file | A file on your computer |
URL Encoding
URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. If a URL contains characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted.
URL encoding converts non-ASCII characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.
URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a “%” followed by hexadecimal digits.
URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign, or %20.
Try It Yourself
If you click “Submit”, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server.
A page at the server will display the received input.
Try some other input and click Submit again.
ASCII Encoding Examples
Your browser will encode input, according to the character-set used in your page.
The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8.
| Character | From Windows-1252 | From UTF-8 |
|---|---|---|
| € | %80 | %E2%82%AC |
| £ | %A3 | %C2%A3 |
| © | %A9 | %C2%A9 |
| ® | %AE | %C2%AE |
| À | %C0 | %C3%80 |
| Á | %C1 | %C3%81 |
| Â | %C2 | %C3%82 |
| Ã | %C3 | %C3%83 |
| Ä | %C4 | %C3%84 |
| Å | %C5 | %C3%85 |
For a complete reference of all URL encodings, visit our URL Encoding Reference.